![]() ![]() Periocular examination: Orbit and adnexaĮxaminations of anatomic structures should begin with the orbit and other periocular tissues. The intraocular pressure evaluation requires topical anesthetic and must be recorded before excessive manipulation or before the patient becomes restless and excited.ġ. The use of mydriatics is necessary for examination of the lens and posterior segment, but should not be given prior to measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP). Cultures of the external ocular structures must be done before extensive cleaning is done and before drugs are instilled. Evaluation of the tear film (Schirmer tear test) must be done before the eye is manipulated or any drugs are instilled. An orderly sequence of diagnostic tests must be followed based on the special requirements of each test. Cats generally do not menace test well, but respond well to bright light stimulation, laser lights, and cotton ball testing.įollowing an evaluation of vision the need for special diagnostic tests is determined. If you can see the cotton balls or the obstacles of the maze test, the dog or the cat should be able to see them better than you since their night vision is more developed than ours. The vision examination should be performed in normal light, then in dim light. In certain circumstances, each eye should be evaluated separately by patching one eye with a bandage or by covering it with one hand. ![]() The menace response and the visual placement reaction can also be performed to evaluate the vision. The patient's vision can be further evaluated by noting the response to hand movements, bright lights or to cotton balls tossed into the visual field. The animal is permitted a few minutes to adjust to the room and observed as the history is obtained. Animals can "memorize" their own environment. The owner's impression that the animal "sees" well at home must be interpreted cautiously. A blind animal may exhibit high stepping, collision with objects, a stare-like expression, or reluctance to move in a strange environment. The animal should be observed walking into the examination room with the client, or in its own environment. Additionally, ophthalmic medical or surgical therapy may be modified by the presence of systemic (cardiac, hepatic or renal) disease. Many diseases of systemic nature may be further elucidated or, in fact, initially diagnosed by their ophthalmic manifestations. Discussion of the more specialized procedures such as slit lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasonography and electroretinography will also be included to familiarize you with what is available should you need to refer a patient to a veterinary ophthalmologist.Ī thorough medical history and complete physical examination should precede a thorough ophthalmic exam. The diagnostic equipment needed for the basic ophthalmic examination is readily available to the general practitioner. The examination of the eye and periocular structures is essential for the complete evaluation of the patient. Books & VINcyclopedia of Diseases (Formerly Associate).VINcyclopedia of Diseases (Formerly Associate). ![]()
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